TILOS Seminar: Foundational Methods for Foundation Models for Scientific Machine Learning

11am PDT | Wednesday, April 2, 2025

Michael W. Mahoney, ICSI, LBNL, and Department of Statistics, UC Berkeley

 
Abstract: The remarkable successes of ChatGPT in natural language processing (NLP) and related developments in computer vision (CV) motivate the question of what foundation models would look like and what new advances they would enable, when built on the rich, diverse, multimodal data that are available from large-scale experimental and simulational data in scientific computing (SC), broadly defined. Such models could provide a robust and principled foundation for scientific machine learning (SciML), going well beyond simply using ML tools developed for internet and social media applications to help solve future scientific problems. I will describe recent work demonstrating the potential of the “pre-train and fine-tune” paradigm, widely-used in CV and NLP, for SciML problems, demonstrating a clear path towards building SciML foundation models; as well as recent work highlighting multiple “failure modes” that arise when trying to interface data-driven ML methodologies with domain-driven SC methodologies, demonstrating clear obstacles to traversing that path successfully. I will also describe initial work on developing novel methods to address several of these challenges, as well as their implementations at scale, a general solution to which will be needed to build robust and reliable SciML models consisting of millions or billions or trillions of parameters.

Michael W. Mahoney is at the University of California at Berkeley in the Department of Statistics and at the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI). He is also an Amazon Scholar as well as head of the Machine Learning and Analytics Group at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He works on algorithmic and statistical aspects of modern large-scale data analysis. Much of his recent research has focused on large-scale machine learning, including randomized matrix algorithms and randomized numerical linear algebra, scientific machine learning, scalable stochastic optimization, geometric network analysis tools for structure extraction in large informatics graphs, scalable implicit regularization methods, computational methods for neural network analysis, physics informed machine learning, and applications in genetics, astronomy, medical imaging, social network analysis, and internet data analysis. He received his PhD from Yale University with a dissertation in computational statistical mechanics, and he has worked and taught at Yale University in the mathematics department, at Yahoo Research, and at Stanford University in the mathematics department. Among other things, he was on the national advisory committee of the Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute (SAMSI), he was on the National Research Council’s Committee on the Analysis of Massive Data, he co-organized the Simons Institute’s fall 2013 and 2018 programs on the foundations of data science, he ran the Park City Mathematics Institute’s 2016 PCMI Summer Session on The Mathematics of Data, he ran the biennial MMDS Workshops on Algorithms for Modern Massive Data Sets, and he was the Director of the NSF/TRIPODS-funded FODA (Foundations of Data Analysis) Institute at UC Berkeley. More information is available at https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~mmahoney/.